"....an underclass of underemployed or underpaid workers seems to be growing {in US and UK, 1975-1995}.... Professor Steve Nickell at Oxford has recently published studies on the people he calls "low-eds".... ....as more people ascend the educational ladder those left behind are presumably, on average, less bright. The underclass may actually be getting smaller, but it is being left further behind; A welter of data supports the impression of labour-market collapse for the low-eds."